Present Perfect Continuous: Rumus Have/Has Been + -ing

Present perfect continuous (have/has been + -ing) menggambarkan aksi yang dimulai di masa lalu dan berlanjut hingga sekarang, atau baru saja berhenti, dengan fokus pada durasi atau sifat berkelanjutan.

I have been studying for three hours. (Aku sudah belajar selama tiga jam.)

Bentuk

have/has + been + kata kerja-ing

• I/you/we/they have been working.
• He/she/it has been working.

Kapan menggunakannya

1. Aksi yang dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung

• She has been living in Jakarta for five years. (dan masih tinggal di sana)
• It has been raining since this morning.

2. Aksi yang baru selesai, dengan hasil yang terlihat sekarang

• I'm tired because I've been running.
• Your eyes are red — have you been crying?

Present perfect continuous vs present perfect simple

Gunakan bentuk continuous untuk menekankan durasi/aktivitas; gunakan bentuk simple untuk menekankan hasil atau aksi yang selesai.

• I have been reading this book all day. (durasi)
• I have read this book. (selesai — aku tahu keseluruhan ceritanya)

Dengan for dan since

• I have been waiting for two hours.
• She has been studying since 9am.

Kesalahan umum

• ❌ "I am living here since 2020." → ✅ "I have been living here since 2020."
• ❌ "She has been know him for years." → ✅ "She has known him for years." (know adalah state verb — jangan gunakan bentuk continuous)
• ❌ "How long you have been waiting?" → ✅ "How long have you been waiting?" (urutan kata pada pertanyaan)