Simple Past Tense: Regular Verbs and the -ed Ending

Simple past tense dipakai untuk aksi yang sudah selesai di masa lalu. Untuk kata kerja beraturan (regular verbs), bentuk past-nya dibuat dengan menambahkan -ed.

I worked yesterday.

Aturan dasar: tambah -ed

• work → worked
• watch → watched
• play → played

Aturan ejaan khusus

Akhiran kata kerja	Aturan	Contoh
-e (sudah ada)	tambah -d saja	live → lived, like → liked
konsonan + -y	ganti -y jadi -ied	study → studied, cry → cried
vokal + -y	tambah -ed biasa	play → played, stay → stayed
satu suku kata, konsonan-vokal-konsonan	dobel konsonan terakhir	stop → stopped, plan → planned

Tiga bunyi akhiran -ed

Akhiran -ed tidak selalu dilafalkan sama — bunyinya berubah tergantung huruf terakhir kata kerja dasar:

Bunyi	Muncul setelah	Contoh
/t/	konsonan tak bersuara (k, p, s, ch, sh, f)	watched, helped
/d/	konsonan bersuara atau vokal	played, lived
/ɪd/	huruf t atau d	wanted, needed

Bentuk negatif dan pertanyaan

Sama seperti simple present, simple past memakai auxiliary — kali ini did/didn't — dan kata kerja utama kembali ke bentuk dasar.

• I didn't work yesterday. (bukan "didn't worked")
• Did you watch the movie? (bukan "Did you watched")
• She worked late. → She didn't work late.

Penanda waktu yang sering dipakai

yesterday, last night, last week, two days ago, in 2020, when I was young

• We visited our grandparents last weekend.
• They moved to Bandung in 2019.

Kesalahan umum

• ❌ "I didn't watched the movie." → ✅ "I didn't watch the movie." (setelah didn't, kata kerja kembali ke bentuk dasar)
• ❌ "Did you played football yesterday?" → ✅ "Did you play football yesterday?"
• ❌ "She studyed hard." → ✅ "She studied hard." (konsonan + y → -ied)

Kata kerja beraturan mengikuti pola yang bisa diprediksi — begitu kamu menguasai aturan -ed, kamu bisa membentuk hampir semua kalimat past tense dengan mudah. Kata kerja tidak beraturan (irregular verbs) punya aturan sendiri yang dibahas di artikel terpisah.